Overview:
ECMO, or Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation, is a life-saving procedure where a mechanical pump outside the body supports blood oxygenation and cardiac function. It is employed for critically ill children awaiting surgery or when the heart and lungs need to rest. ECMO involves circulating the patient's blood through an artificial lung, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, while a pump assists the heart. There are two types: V-V (veno-venous) or V-A (venoarterial) ECMO, chosen based on the child's condition.
When is it used?
ECMO is employed when a child has a severe but reversible medical condition affecting heart and/or lung function. Although not a cure, ECMO allows these organs to rest and recover, maintaining blood circulation to preserve other bodily functions during critical times.
How is my child placed on ECMO?
The pediatric surgeon inserts the cannula for ECMO, with the number and placement depending on the specific ECMO type needed for your child. The size and age of your child determines whether the cannula is placed in the neck, groin, or directly into the chest cavity. These cannulas are then connected to the ECMO machine, previously prepared for your child. During the ECMO process, sedation and, in some cases, medical paralysis are necessary. This precaution is taken because various wires and tubes are connected to your child, and movement could risk disconnection. Our goal is to ensure the stability and effectiveness of the ECMO procedure
How long will my child be on ECMO?
The duration depends on the child's condition and improvement on ECMO. Generally, children are not on ECMO for more than three weeks. Each child's case is unique, and the medical team assesses progress daily.
What are the complications of ECMO?
One of the most common complications observed in patients on ECMO is bleeding, attributed to the administration of heparin, a blood thinner. Heparin is crucial in preventing blood clot formation that could impede the ECMO circuit's function. Bleeding, whether visible or internal, is closely monitored, and heparin levels are frequently adjusted to minimize this risk. The child's blood clotting ability is regularly assessed through anticoagulation tests, ensuring a balanced and effective ECMO treatment. This meticulous management aims to provide the best possible care while mitigating potential complications.