Cardiology

Conditions / Procedures

• Arrhythmia

  Overview:

  Cardiac Arrhythmia is a condition in which electrical impulses in the heart don’t work properly and cause an irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.

  Symptoms may include:

  • a fluttering in the chest
  • chest pain
  • fainting
  • dizziness
  • there may be no symptoms

  Treatment/procedure options:

  Treatments vary for arrhythmia, but often can include prescription drugs, medical procedures, implantable devices, and surgery.

• High blood pressure

  Overview:

  High blood pressure (also referred to as HBP, or hypertension) is when your blood pressure, the force of blood flowing through your blood vessels, is consistently too high.

  When left untreated, the damage that high blood pressure does to your circulatory system is a significant contributing factor to heart attack, stroke and other health threats.

  Symptoms may include:

  • High blood pressure is a “silent killer” as most often there are no obvious symptoms.

  Treatment/procedure options:

  Treatments include Self-care (change of diet, exercising regularly, quitting smoking) and prescription medications to help lower blood pressure.

• Rheumatic heart disease

  Overview:

  Rheumatic heart disease is a condition where the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. Untreated or under-treated strep infections can increase the risk for rheumatic heart disease. Children who get repeated strep throat infections are at the most risk for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

  Tests used to diagnose rheumatic heart disease vary, but most often are echocardiogram (echo), electrocardiogram (ECG), chest x-ray, cardiac MRI, or certain blood tests.

  Symptoms may include:

  • shortness of breath
  • chest pain
  • swelling

  Treatment/procedure options:

  Treatments may include surgery to replace or fix the badly damaged heart valve. The best treatment is to prevent rheumatic fever with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medicines.

Cardiology list items

• Atrial fibrillation
  Atrial fibrillation (also called AFib or AF) is a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications.
  
  Symptoms may include: shortness of breath, palpitations, fatigue, or there may be no symptoms with this disease.
  

   
• Cardiac ablation
  Cardiac ablation (or catheter ablation) is a procedure that uses energy, either heat or extreme cold, to destroy or scar a small area of heart tissue that is causing rapid and irregular heartbeats.
  
• Electrophysiology Study
  An electrophysiology (EP) study test the electrical activity of your heart to find where an arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat) is originating. These results can help you and your doctor decide whether you need medicine, a pacemaker, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), cardiac ablation or surgery.
  
• Holter monitoring
  A Holter monitor is a type of electrocardiography device, a portable device for cardiac monitoring (the monitoring of the electrical activity of the cardiovascular system) for at least 24 to 48 hours (often for two weeks at a time).
  
  The Holter's most common use is for monitoring heart activity (electrocardiography or ECG). Its extended recording period is sometimes useful for observing occasional cardiac arrhythmias which would be difficult to identify in a shorter period. For patients having more transient symptoms, a cardiac event monitor can be worn for a month or more.

   
• Interventional cardiology
  Interventional cardiology is the subspecialty of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter- based treatment of heart diseases. The field includes the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, vascular disease and acquired structural heart disease.
  
  Common procedures include angioplasty, aortic valve repair, cardiac ablation, electrophysiology studies, pacemaker insertion, monitoring devices and Watchman procedures.
  

   
• Pacemakers
  A cardiac pacemaker is a medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to cause the heart muscle chambers to contract and therefore pump blood; by doing so this device replaces and/or regulates the function of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
  
  The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an adequate heart rate, either because the heart's natural pacemaker is not fast enough, or because there is a block in the heart's electrical conduction system. Modern pacemakers are externally programmable and allow a Cardiologist, particularly a Cardiac Electrophysiologist to select the optimal pacing modes for individual patients.
• Watchman device
  The Watchman device is a small implant placed in to the heart that can reduce the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients with atrial fibrillation are at increased risk of stroke, mainly due to clots that form in a small chamber in the top of the heart known as the left atrial appendage.
  
  The Watchman implant is a minimally invasive, one-time procedure designed to reduce the risk of strokes that originate in the left atrial appendage.

Cardiology list items

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
  A "hole" in the wall that separates the top two chambers of the heart. This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in the heart. ASD is a defect in the septum between the heart's two upper chambers (atria). The septum is a wall that separates the heart's left and right sides.
  
  If the opening is small, surgery or other treatments may not be needed. Most large atrial septal defects now can be closed either with open-heart surgery or during a cardiac catheterization using a device inserted into the opening to plug it. However, if the ASD is in an unusual position within the heart, or if there are other heart defects such as abnormal connections of the veins bringing blood from the lungs back to the heart (pulmonary veins), the ASD cannot be closed with the catheter technique. Then surgery is needed. Even when the defect is discovered in adulthood, patients benefit from closure of large defects.
• Heart Failure Service
  • Aquapheresis
  • Remote heart failure assessment
  • Right heart catheterization
  • Intraaortic balloon pump insertion
  • Impella insertion
  • Myocardial biopsy
  • Heart transplantation
  • Left ventricular assist device